Abstract
The construction sector of China, being a major contributor to the Chinese economy, has been growing rapidly, creating new opportunities for leadership over the years. Women are increasingly participating in this industry, but they remain marginalised from occupying higher leadership positions. The study focused on the whole journey of women’s leadership and examined the experiences they gathered throughout their career paths. Specifically, the research highlighted the advantages of the leadership of women and the organisational, cultural, and structural barriers which are encountered by female leaders. Data for the research were collected through semi-structured interviews with women leaders working in various sectors of the construction industry and a qualitative approach was used to analyse the data. A purposive sampling technique was used to choose respondents to verify their related professional records. The acquired information was examined by thematic analysis for recurring themes and trends. The outcomes of the study showed that male-oriented organisational cultures, insufficient promotional opportunities, gender-related myths, and lack of mentorship were the major challenges faced by the women leaders. Respondents also addressed these problems by adopting flexibility, having work spirit, and devotion to their profession, all of which helped them to progress as good leaders. The findings led to the conclusion that a combination of sociocultural pattern, organisational, and individual circumstances determines women’s leadership pathways in China's construction sector. The results highlighted the importance of fair organisational policies, and justice for women in the workplace to promote gender equality and leadership roles in the construction industry of China.
References
- Yan D, Ding Y, Sunindijo RY, Wang CC, Yang Z. Key factors in women’s managerial advancement in the construction industry: Insights from machine learning. International Journal of Construction Management. 2026;26(4):679-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2025.2532114
- Zhong J, Arnett JJ. Career projects of young Chinese migrant women workers. Emerging Adulthood. 2026:21676968251394765. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968251394765
- Amponsah-Asante LNA, Botchway B, Eluerkeh K, Simpeh EK, Ahadzie DK. Assessing the barriers to female entrepreneurs in developing countries: Evidence from Ghanaian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 2026;33(6):4812-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2024-0920
- Deng Y, Wang L, Ding Q. Navigating career barriers: Gendered experiences and professional trajectories of female physicians in contemporary China. Acta Psychologica. 2026;262:106200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106200
- Pokhrel P, Jin X, Osei-Kyei R, Alashwal A. Women’s well-being in construction: A systematic review of hazards and primary preventive measures. International Journal of Construction Management. 2026:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2026.2636001
- Sairam S, Madhavi R. Women’s leadership aspirations in higher education: Navigating the cultural and societal barriers. In: Understanding Women’s Avoidance of Leadership in Higher Education. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2026. p. 229-64. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch009
- Luo H, Wang H. Inside and outside the boundary: Rethinking the demolition of the city wall in early twentieth century Shanghai. Journal of Borderlands Studies. 2026:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2025.2599160
- Huang X, Zhao X, Mao Y, Gong J. A study on demographic differences in visual preference evaluation in the renewal of post-1949 industrial heritage: A case study of Shenyang, China. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2026:1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2026.2621529
- Yue Y, Chen S, Wang Q. The impact of innovation and entrepreneurship competition participation and its team roles on undergraduate students’ leadership. Journal of Leadership Education. 2026;25(1):76-91. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOLE-08-2024-0099
- Xiong Y, Chen G, Zhang XO. Identity work in community volunteering: Understanding women volunteers’ experiences in a Chinese context. Women’s Studies International Forum. 2026;115:103268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103268
- Chen T, Gao Q, Li N, Wang X. Clan culture and gender diversity in top management teams: Evidence from China. China Accounting and Finance Review. 2026:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAFR-11-2024-0190
- Darko ENKO, Qi Z, Wang Z. Leadership and digital pedagogy: A cross-cultural analysis of professional development in Ghana and China. Frontiers in Education. 2025;10:1744901. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1744901
- Zhang Y, Wang HZ, Yin J. Different gender, same results? Leader gender differences in paradoxical leadership, team identification, and work behavior in teams. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. 2026:1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-025-10083-9
- Thomas A. Surviving the office: Workplace design. In: Behind Office Doors: Use and Users in the History of Office Buildings. 2026. p. 171.
- Nantongo N, Ntayi JM, Namagembe S, Mkansi M. Examining the influence of industry-level factors on women’s engagement in decision-making in the logistics sector. The International Journal of Logistics Management. 2026:1-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-08-2025-0520
- Choi M, Han M, Choi S, Bae E, Kim DJ, Jun BG, et al. Greedy leadership roles: Why modern organizations struggle to retain women leaders. Asian Journal of Business Ethics. 2026:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-025-00250-y
- Albarello F, Baldner C, Bobbio A, Repetto V, Rizzoli V, Pierro A. Towards glass ceiling: Binding moral foundations and gender essentialism mediating the role of need for cognitive closure on attitudes towards women managers. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. 2026:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-08-2025-0572
- Kalogeropoulos T, Kryfos M, Kirytopoulos K, Ventura Z. The impact of the glass ceiling phenomenon on project value. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. 2026;19(2):329-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-07-2024-0185
- Al Maaitah H, Ensour W, Darwish Z, Suleiman M. Benchmarking women’s leadership programs in Jordan: Aligning national practices with international competency frameworks. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development. 2026:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBSED-05-2025-0163
- Ünver DK. Challenging institutional and cultural barriers: Women in leadership and gender equality in academia. In: Bridging the Leadership Gap: Policies and Workplace Equality. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2026. p. 159-206. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-6345-5.ch006
- Jackson L, Copperman J. Navigating organisational contexts as women leaders. In: Indigenous Women’s Resilience, Leadership and Social Change: Intersection of Knowledge, Tradition, and Justice. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2026. p. 215-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07182-8_12
- Sung S. Unveiling barriers to women’s leadership in business. In: Challenges for Chinese Women in the Early Twenty-First Century. 2026. p. 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1142/14359
- Alsaffar B, Sultan R. Barriers on site, ceilings in office: The role of site supervision in shaping female design professionals’ leadership trajectories in Bahrain. In: Strategic Decision-Making in Dynamic Business Environments: Systems and Control Perspectives. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2026. p. 819-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07220-7_71
- Kalsoom G, Hussain K, Abbas Z, Nawaz A. The role of family-work conflict, self-confidence on leadership aspirations of women in banking sector. Journal of Business Sectors. 2026;4(1):19-28. https://doi.org/10.62222/DOYU2932
- Idrovo Carlier S, Morales B, López MP, Luna Ramírez MÁ, Rodríguez Andrade C. The relationship between perceived barriers to women’s promotion and individual work outcomes in Colombian organizations. Cogent Business & Management. 2026;13(1):2612410. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2612410
- Benhmama A, Sabiri B. Understanding the psychological roots of gender-based discrimination in corporate leadership in Moroccan context. In: Strategic Decision-Making in Dynamic Business Environments: Systems and Control Perspectives. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2026. p. 267-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07220-7_25
- Yuhuan J, Hans E. High-Performance and Transportable Materials: Analyzing Characteristics and Applications in Sustainable Construction. International Journal of Advances in Business and Management Research. 2025 Mar. 12;2(3):1-8 https://doi.org/10.62674/ijabmr.2025.v2i03.001
- Irshad S, Khan RAA. Breaking the glass ceiling: The role of organizational identity, gender self-efficacy, and stereotypes in women’s rise to leadership positions. Gender Issues. 2026;43(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-025-09401-8
- Pathak S. Women workers in the informal sector in the People’s Republic of China. In: Gender, Power, and Economic Inequality in the Global South. Routledge; 2026. p. 84-96. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003587309-9
- Tan H, Li M, Yu X, Wang S. Vulnerability of livelihood capital and its structural causes: Evidence from rural left-behind women in China. Sage Open. 2026;16(1):21582440251411399. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251411399
- Galsanjigmed E, Sekiguchi T. Gendered leadership in organizations: Men and women. Encyclopedia. 2026;6(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6010016
- Roy M, Das S, Majumder T, Ray N. Evolving workplace priorities: a study on gen z's core values. International Journal of Advances in Business and Management Research (IJABMR). 2025 Sep 12;3(1):1-1. https://doi.org/10.62674/ijabmr.2025.v3isupp2.001













