Interdisciplinary International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (IIJASSAH)

Promoting Menstrual Health Awareness through Sports and Health Education in Schools in India

Christian Gendemeh — 2026-02-28

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) remain inadequately addressed within Indian school systems despite expanding global attention to menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Persistent stigma, cultural taboos, and infrastructural constraints continue to affect adolescent girls’ knowledge, psychosocial well-being, and school participation. Limited research has examined sports and physical education (PE) as embodied, socially interactive platforms for menstrual health promotion. Anchored in socio-ecological and gender-transformative frameworks, this study explores the integration of sports participation with structured health education in advancing menstrual awareness and empowerment. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional design was conducted among 130 post-menarcheal female students (aged 11–17 years) from four secondary schools in Northern India. Using a structured questionnaire, the study assessed menstrual knowledge, attitudes, hygiene practices, and perceptions of sports-based engagement. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and chi-square tests (p < .05). Results: While basic awareness of menstruation was high, substantial gaps persisted in reproductive literacy and psychosocial confidence. Emotional discomfort, stigma, and anxiety regarding sports participation during menstruation were prevalent. However, participants reported enhanced body awareness and confidence through sports engagement. Conclusion: Integrating sports with menstrual health education offers a multi-level, gender-inclusive strategy to reduce stigma and promote adolescent empowerment.

Meiteis-Kukis conflicts in Manipur: A Critical Analysis of the Devastating Incidents on the Kuki Community

Sonkhothang Haokip Single — 2026-02-28

Abstract

Introduction: Manipur in India's northeast has been caught amid ethnic tensions and violence between the Meitei and Kuki communities. The strife arises from rivalries over access to resources, political representation, and land, which is exacerbated by the state's convoluted history and mountainous geography. The Meiteis' quest for ST (Scheduled Tribe) status faces opposition from Kuki and Naga groups, who fear it may undermine their constitutional protections and land ownership, potentially leading to violence. Methodology: This study examines violence in Manipur between the Kuki and Meitei groups through qualitative and quantitative content analysis of secondary sources, including news articles, reports, social commentary, journal articles, the Media and Documentation Cell of the Kuki Students Organization (KSO), and social media. Result: The article highlights the severe violence against the Kuki and Meitei communities, including arms looting by Meiteis. It details the brutal experiences of Kuki women, girls, and children, including naked parades, rape, harassment, torture, and death. Men also face brutal fates, with many being beheaded, burnt alive, shot to death, beaten to death, and chopped by Meiteis. The article highlights the Kuki victims from May 3, 2023, to November 2024. It also highlighted the Kuki's murder of Meitei men, women, and children. This study underscores the necessity of accountability, justice, and assistance in addressing human rights abuses, and the role documentation can play in advocacy, education, and the generation of policy interventions to protect against future abuses, including against the most vulnerable sectors of the population, children, and women. Conclusion: Manipur violence, rooted in historical, social, cultural, ethnic, and political factors, has led to human rights violations, killings, and arson. Resolving the conflict requires a comprehensive strategy that emphasizes disarmament and demilitarization of violent groups, alongside promoting dialogue and motivating authorities to pursue a peaceful resolution.

Relationship between Stressors and Students’ Academic Achievements with mediation of coping strategies: A Survey of Gomal University, Khyber PakhtunKhwa, Pakistan

Dr.Faheem Khan Fahim — 2026-02-28

Introduction: Students often face various stressors during their academic journey, which can hinder their ability to perform well in school. Exploring the role of coping strategies helps uncover how students manage these challenges and maintain or improve their academic success. The theoretical foundation of this study is based on Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (1984) proposed by Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman. Methodology: The model conceptualizes stress as a dynamic interaction between the individual and the environment, where cognitive appraisal determines whether a situation is perceived as threatening or manageable. It further highlights problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies as central mechanisms influencing psychological and academic outcomes. Results: The current study focuses on the relationship between stressors and academic achievement of students with the mediating of coping strategies. Students of Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.K) were participated in the study. Quantitative method was employed. A sample of 389 students was selected through stratified sampling method. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed among the students for data collection. Regression techniques and Hayes (2015) process macro was used for mediation analysis. Conclusion: The study found that coping strategies partially mediate the negative relationship between stressors and students’ academic achievement, with high stress leading to lower grades. It recommends that students adopt effective coping methods, and that HEIs organize awareness programs to support stress management. It is recommended that HEIs may arrange workshops and seminars regarding awareness about stressors and how to cope with such stressors.

Metaphors of Flight: A Study of Spiritual Growth in Jonathan Livingston Seagull

Hari Sapkota — 2026-02-28

Introduction: Jonathan Livingston Seagull has often been read as a spiritual allegory, yet few studies examine it through an integrated Hindu philosophical lens that combines dharma, karma, moksha, and the guru–shishya tradition. Methodology: This paper analyzes Richard Bach’s novella using a qualitative interpretive textual method, relating key symbols such as flight, exile, and mentorship to core Hindu concepts as articulated in scriptural and philosophical writings. Results: The study finds that Jonathan’s disciplined pursuit of flight parallels the pursuit of dharma; his exilic trials metaphorically enact karmic testing and purification; and his final transcendence resonates with moksha, as liberation from ignorance and limitation. It also shows that the relationships between Jonathan and the elder gulls reflect a guru–shishya pedagogy of staged spiritual training and the transmission of wisdom within a Hindu philosophical framework. Conclusion: Within this symbolic framework, the paper argues that the novella offers a narrative model of spiritual self-cultivation that bridges Eastern metaphysical ideas and Western literary form, thereby contributing to ongoing discussions on spiritual allegory and cross-cultural religious imagination in modern literature.

Gendered Strokes: Tracing the Visual Discourse of Gender in 19th-Century Kalighat Paintings

Debbarna Mukherjee — 2026-03-02

Introduction: Representation and negotiation of gender roles in 19th-century Kalighat paintings offer vital insights into the evolving social fabric of colonial Calcutta. These urban folk artworks, rooted in both religious and secular themes, reflect how identities—particularly those tied to femininity and masculinity—were being contested and reshaped in a time of rapid socio-cultural change. Methodology: The study is based on close visual analysis of select Kalighat paintings sourced from museum collections and private archives. Attention is given to iconographic details such as posture, attire, expressions, and compositional strategies. These elements are examined to decode the underlying gendered messages embedded in both divine iconography and everyday domestic portrayals. Results: Portrayals of powerful goddesses like Kali, alongside depictions of domestic women and satirical representations of the babu-bibi dynamic, reveal how artists subtly challenged prevailing norms. The images register tensions around gender expectations, marital relationships, and shifting notions of power within both traditional and colonial frameworks. Conclusion: Though often created within commercial circuits, Kalighat paintings engaged critically with contemporary issues. The study concludes that these artworks functioned not only as visual storytelling but also as cultural commentary—subtly navigating and resisting dominant gender ideologies of the time.

Digital Transformation in Commerce Education

Khushi Rani — 2026-02-28

Introduction: The rapid digitalization of global business environments has compelled management and commerce education to undergo significant transformation. This study examines the integration of digital technologies into commerce curricula and analyses their implications for contemporary management practices, with a focus on aligning academic programs with evolving industry requirements. Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative secondary data analysis approach, drawing on academic literature, curriculum documents, institutional reports, and insights from faculty and students. Data were systematically reviewed to assess the extent of digital integration and its effectiveness in developing managerial competencies. Results: The findings indicate that universities increasingly employ digital tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), data analytics software, fintech applications, and virtual simulations, shifting commerce education toward interactive and experiential learning models. However, significant disparities exist across regions. Institutions in developed countries demonstrate structured and comprehensive implementation supported by strong digital infrastructure, while those in developing regions face constraints related to limited resources, insufficient faculty training, and digital literacy gaps among students. These challenges contribute to inconsistencies in aligning curricula with employer-required digital competencies, particularly in areas such as data interpretation, digital collaboration, and technology-enabled decision-making. Conclusion: The study concludes that digital transformation presents substantial opportunities to enhance learning outcomes and prepare students for emerging managerial roles. Nevertheless, its effectiveness depends on strengthening digital infrastructure, improving faculty readiness, and fostering sustained industry–academia collaboration. Continuous curriculum updates and equitable access to digital resources are essential for developing digitally competent managers capable of thriving in the digital economy.

An Implication of foreign employment on Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Case of Nepal

Sahanshila Pudasaini — 2026-02-28

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of foreign employment on Nepal’s GDP, focusing on remittance inflows as a key driver of economic growth and poverty reduction. Methodology: Findings reveal a strong positive correlation between the number of Nepalese working abroad and GDP, supported by statistically significant regression results. Remittances have played a crucial role in boosting household consumption, raising living standards, and advancing socioeconomic development. Despite these benefits, challenges persist, including poor working conditions for migrant workers, limited productive use of remitted funds, and regulatory weaknesses in the migration process.Results:The study also identifies other factors influencing GDP, such as age dependency, school enrollment, and poverty levels, with poverty negatively affecting economic growth. Conclusion:To maximize the benefits of labor migration, the study emphasizes the need to strengthen domestic employment opportunities and implement safer migration practices. These measures will better leverage labor migration for Nepal’s sustainable long-term development

Beyond Rating Accuracy: Organisational Justice and the Social Context of Performance Appraisal in Banking

Raghavendra Raghavendra — 2026-02-28

Introduction: Despite sustained efforts to enhance rating accuracy and measurement precision, performance appraisal systems continue to generate dissatisfaction, resistance, and scepticism among employees, particularly in highly regulated and hierarchical sectors such as banking. This paper aims to reconceptualise performance appraisal effectiveness by moving beyond rating accuracy and integrating organisational justice with the social context of performance appraisal. Methodology: The study adopts a conceptual and theory-driven approach, drawing on established literature on performance appraisal, organisational justice, and the social context perspective. Through a systematic synthesis of prior research, the paper develops an integrative framework that explains how social contextual factors shape appraisal processes and influence employees’ justice perceptions and appraisal acceptance. Results: The proposed framework suggests that appraisal effectiveness is primarily determined by employees’ perceptions of procedural, distributive, and interactional justice rather than by the technical accuracy of performance ratings alone. Social context elements such as supervisor–employee relationships, trust, accountability pressures, feedback norms, organisational culture, and prior appraisal experiences influence how appraisal processes are enacted and interpreted. These contextual factors shape justice perceptions, which in turn determine appraisal acceptance, trust in the appraisal system, and perceived effectiveness, especially in high-stakes banking environments. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by positioning organisational justice as an appraisal-specific construct embedded within appraisal processes rather than as a general organisational climate. By explicitly linking social context variables to justice perceptions and appraisal acceptance, the paper offers a coherent conceptual framework that advances appraisal theory and provides a foundation for future empirical research. The framework also offers practical insights for designing fair, context-sensitive appraisal systems in the banking sector.