Interdisciplinary International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (IIJASSAH)

The Role of Parents in the Education of Children with Disabilities: Challenges, Support Systems and Impact on Child’s Academic and Social Development

Grace Sangkim Gugu — 2025-10-01

Parents are fundamentally important in the education of disabled children, especially in special educational institutions. As primary advocates for their children, they guarantee that the educational system accepts their rights and recognizes their rights.Parents have a voice in their child's education by being present at school events and Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) meetings. They face the challenges of special education by providing their children with necessary equipment and modifications.In spite of this, many parents are still actively involved in their children's schools, encouraging their children to study at home and working together with faculty and staff. Finding out how parents' of disabilities impact their children's social development and educational opportunities is the driving force for this study. Parents of disability children sometimes face limited access to emotional, financial and essential services among other difficulties. Data was obtained through a semi-structured interview at Malsawm Initiative, an educational institution for children with special requirements located in , Churachandpur district, Manipur.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Moodle Platform in Enhancing Reading Comprehension Skills among First-Year Undergraduate ESL Learners at a Sri Lankan State University

Dinuka Thamali Gunarathne — 2025-10-01

The ability to read is one of the most important multi-layered cognitive processes that supports the effectiveness of learning and academic achievement, as well as the development of lifelong learning. In order to investigate the role e-learning platform can play in enhancing this skill in first-year undergraduate ESL students of the Sri Lankan state university, an experimental study of mixed-methods was conducted. Sixty participants were selected randomly and served in an experimental group of Moodle-based reading instruction or a control group that had to undergo the traditional face-to-face instructions. The pre-tests and post-tests (standardized) were taken to gather quantitative data that was analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to attain statistical significance. Qualitative data was collected via focus group discussions with participants of the experimental group, who were asked to articulate their experiences and perspectives about the utilisation of Moodle as a learning tool. The findings indicated, significant improvement in reading comprehension was evident in students on Moodle as compared to those on the control group. Qualitative results also proved that general attitude towards the accessibility, interaction and possibility to foster autonomous learning were positive among the learners. To sum up, it can be concluded that Moodle is an effective tool for providing reading comprehension instruction to ESL students in higher education. The incorporation of e-learning platforms is therefore recommended to supplement and enhance traditional teaching approaches.

Exploring The Role of Physical Literacy in Preventing Lifestyle-Related Disorders: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban School Populations in Punjab and Haryana

Christian Gendemeh — 2025-10-01

Introduction: the alarming surge in lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes amongst children and adolescents in metropolitan cities is correlated with the lack of physical activity. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of physical literacy. Moreover, the study was also aimed to explore differences regarding level of physical activity, physical literacy, and health outcomes among school children in Punjab and Haryana from rural and urban backgrounds. Methodology: A comprehensive approach was applied. An integration of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect data. The sample included 200 school children, 100 from rural and another 100 from urban (through a survey). Physical activity, physical literacy as well as lifestyle-related disorders were gauged through a structured survey questionnaire. In addition, students' height, weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels were measured. Alongside the anthropometric assessment, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted including teachers and parents from participating schools to further explore their perceptions on physical activity. Results: Unstructured forms of physical activity such as walking and farming was prominent in rural children contrasted with their urban counterparts who had better access to structured Physical Education (PE) programs. Urban children, however, overall had lower activity levels than rural children. Rural children excelled in physical competence, whereas urban children were more self-confident in sports. Urban children had a greater burden of lifestyle diseases, with 18% of them being classified as overweight or obese compared to 10% for rural children. Hypertension and early diabetes were also more common among urban children. Discussion: The results indicate that rural children, while more active, were less formally educated in physical literacy which explains the lower scores on motivation and confidence. On the other hand, the structured physical education available to urban children did little to mitigate the effects of a sedentary lifestyle caused by increased screen time, poor diet, and other factors. These findings call for targeted approaches to encourage both unstructured and structured physical activities in children, considering the distinct rural versus urban dynamics. Conclusion: The current analysis highlights the role of physical literacy in averting lifestyle-related health problems among school-aged children. It also indicates that rural children need less restricted and more unstructured physical activities, while urban children require more unrestricted physical activities and diminished sedentary time. Specific action plans for children’s health in rural and urban areas are greatly needed with direct engagement from teachers, parents, and government officials.

Reimagining Migration: Post humanism and Anthropogenic Praxis in Sonia Shah’s The Next Great Migration

Akanksha Barthwal — 2025-10-01

Sonia Shah’s The Next Great Migration challenges conventional narratives that frame migration, both human and nonhuman, as a crisis. Through an interdisciplinary approach Shah posited migration as a fundamental life-sustaining process. This paper examines Shah’s work through the lens of post humanism and the concept of Anthropocene. In doing so it argues that her narrative reframes migration as an adaptive and, interconnected phenomenon that transcends human exceptionalism. By critiquing anthropocentric ideologies and highlighting the agency of nonhuman actors. Shah advocated for a more inclusive and ecologically attuned understanding of migration in the context of global environmental change. The study conceptualizes migration not as an anomaly but as an adaptive response to environmental and climatic challenges, aligning with postcolonial critiques of borders, displacement, and belonging. Shah’s narrative intersects with ecocritical discourse by highlighting the intricate connections between ecological systems and migration. Furthermore, this study examines how her work engages with Foucauldian biopolitics, particularly in its critique of state mechanisms that regulate movement and population through policies grounded in fear, exclusion, and control. By engaging with Shah's interdisciplinary narrative, this study advocates for a more comprehensive and inclusive framework. The understanding of migration as recognized both human and nonhuman forms of agency within the context of global environmental transformation. Furthermore, it aims to situate Shah’s intervention within broader theoretical discussions. The paper will attempt to discuss environmental humanities, postcolonial studies, and contemporary debates on ecological justice.

Road Traffic Accidents in Nepal: A Five-Year Content Analysis of News Media Coverage and Causal Factors

Dolendra Paudel — 2025-10-01

Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a significant public health issue in Nepal, and the media have a significant role to play in influencing public opinion and policy discussion. This study analyzes the trends in media coverage and causal attributions in RTC reporting in the major Nepalese news media.Methods: Quantitative content analysis of 2,847 news stories from seven major Nepali newspapers from January 2020 to June 2025 was conducted. Stories were coded using a systematic structured codebook examining article metadata, accident features, causal attributions, and quality of reporting measures. Intercoder reliability was achieved at Cohen's κ = 0.87, with good analytical consistency maintained.Results: Coverage increased 65.6% from 2020 to 2024 with marked seasonality peaks during festival seasons (23.4% above average), monsoon seasons (18.7% above average), and tourist seasons (15.2% above average). Geographic breakdown revealed intense urban bias, with the Kathmandu Valley contributing 67.2% of coverage even though it holds only 12.8% of Nepal's population. Driver-related factors led causal explanations (68.4%), with infrastructure (12.1%) and environmental factors (8.9%) having limited mention. Quality assessment revealed large gaps: expert quotations appeared in only 34.2% of articles, policy context in 23.1%, and prevention messaging in 19.8%.Conclusions: Nepali media is characterized by systematic patterns of individualized blame attribution and geographical coverage bias that may work against effective safety communication and policy development. The more urban-based reporting also provokes information equity concerns, with the potential to perpetuate rural-urban disparities in safety resource allocation. These findings highlight significant opportunities for improvement in the media role in road safety advocacy and public education through improved reporting standards and more in-depth causal analysis.

Investment Attitudes and Risk Perception Among Women Homemakers: An Empirical Study in Dakshina Kannada District, India

Gayathri Devi — 2025-10-01

Introduction: This study looks at how behavioural biases, socio-economic factors, and risk perception affect investment attitudes and intentions of women homemakers in Dakshina Kannada District, India. Methodology: The study used a structured questionnaire with 270 women homemakers (30 from each of the nine taluks) selected by stratified random sampling. The questions covered demographics, investment attitude, risk perception, biases, intention, and behaviour on a five-point scale. Data were analysed with Smart PLS 4.0, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test reliability, validity, and hypothesised relationships. Age and income were the control variables. Results: This study found that common biases such as loss aversion and overconfidence make women view investments more positively and raise their sense of risk. A positive investment attitude leads to a stronger intention to invest, which usually results in actual investment. Although higher risk perception tended to lower investment intention, this effect was not sufficiently strong to be statistically significant. Furthermore, women with a better education and higher income showed greater confidence and willingness to invest. Conclusion: Customised financial literacy programs that address specific biases and improve risk assessments can empower homemakers. Community groups and tailored products from financial institutions can further support women in transforming their investment intentions into real actions.

Interrogating the Dynamics between Human Resource Management Practices and Perceived Gender Diversity: An Empirical Sectoral Analysis of Bangladesh’s Business Process Outsourcing Industry

S.K Md Anik Hassan Rabby Rabby — 2025-10-01

This study explores how human resource management (HRM) practices influence employee perceptions of gender diversity in Bangladesh’s rapidly expanding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector. As the industry grows, establishing an inclusive and gender-diverse workforce is increasingly seen as critical to sustainable development. This research specifically focuses on how HRM practices—such as recruitment and selection practices, professional development and career management, work environment and policy management, and Performance Management —shape employees' views on inclusivity and equitable opportunity. Using a structured survey conducted among employees in several BPO companies across Bangladesh, the study gathers quantitative insights into how these HRM practices affect perceptions of gender diversity within the workplace and uses Smart PLS 4 to analyse the data. The findings indicate which HR policies are most effective in promoting a respectful and inclusive culture, while also highlighting gaps that may hinder progress toward diversity goals. Additionally, the study examines how an organization’s commitment to diversity can enhance employee satisfaction, productivity, and a sense of belonging. This research enhances the understanding of HRM’s impact on gender diversity, offering practical recommendations for BPO firms in Bangladesh aiming to foster more equitable workplace environments. By aligning HR policies with diversity objectives, organizations can boost morale, reduce employee turnover, and cultivate a more balanced, forward-looking workforce suited to the demands of today’s business environment.

Relationship Between Maternal Identity and Maternal Overparenting Among Mothers of Teenagers

K. MENAASHE POOJA — 2025-10-01

Maternal identity is a dynamic concept that shifts as a child progresses through different development stages. It is the self-concept and role definition of a mother. During adolescence, mothers may have difficulty finding a balance between their involvement in their children's life and their desire for more independence. As a result, mothers may engage in overprotective and control parenting styles. Maternal identification and overparenting behavior among adolescent mothers between the ages of 13 and 19 are the concern of this study. A cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted to examine the relationship between maternal identity and overparenting (115 mothers completed the Maternal Identity Scale and their adolescent child completed the Helicopter Parenting Instrument to assess overparenting behavior). Pearson's correlation was used to understand the relationship between maternal identity and overparenting. This research will also try to establish the associations among various dimensions of maternal identity, such as emotional stability, maternal confidence, self-efficacy, maternal warmth, kindness, adaptability, toughness, and maternal role fulfilment. The results showed a stronger negative correlation between maternal identity and overparenting, and less likely were warmer, more caring, and more self-sufficient women to overparent. In an attempt to promote positive parenting practices and the development of adolescent autonomy, this study is bringing to light the importance of a balanced maternal identity. Intervention strategies aimed at specific identity-related risk factors could be a topic for future research.

Double the Degrees, Double the Opportunity: A Study on Students Awareness of Dual Degree Programmes

Mirza Shahzan Asagar — 2025-10-01

The National Education Policy 2020 advocates for a flexible, diverse, and holistic educational framework, impacting the evolution of higher education in India. A primary recommendation is to permit students to engage in multiple academic programs concurrently. The University Grants Commission (UGC) has established policies facilitating dual degree programs by permitting students to enroll in two academic courses simultaneously. This study examines student awareness of dual degree programs established under NEP 2020, evaluating the reception and implementation of these policies among students. This study analyses the advantages and challenges of dual degree programs, focusing on career opportunities, interdisciplinary knowledge, and the enhancement of critical skills. This research, based on a survey of 100 students, identifies gaps in understanding and offers recommendations for academic institutions to effectively promote dual degree opportunities, contributing to enhanced educational and career outcomes.

Issues and Challenges of Borderland: A Case Study of Border Areas of India-Bangladesh

Mohammad Rashid — 2025-10-28

This study explores the numerous challenges that people living along the 4,096-kilometer India-Bangladesh border experience, with particular attention to issues of security, development, and region-specific difficulties. The border region is plagued by a wide range of challenges, including illegal immigration, human trafficking, cross-border smuggling, and continuous security concerns. These issues have a profound impact on the daily lives of the border inhabitants, contributing to a climate of insecurity and fear. Residents face significant displacement, living with poor infrastructure that fails to meet basic needs, and enduring economic instability that hampers their livelihoods. Illegal immigration remains a persistent issue, with individuals crossing the border in search of better opportunities, leading to demographic changes and social tensions. Human trafficking is another grave concern, with vulnerable populations being exploited and subjected to various forms of abuse. Cross-border smuggling of goods, including drugs and arms, not only undermines legal trade but also fuels criminal activities and violence in the region. The paper involves the historical context of these issues, tracing their origins and examining how historical events and policies have shaped the current state of affairs. By providing a thorough analysis of the security and developmental challenges, the research aims to shed light on the complex dynamics at play in the border areas. It also seeks to highlight the multifaceted nature of the problems, recognizing that they are intertwined and cannot be addressed in isolation. It emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts between India and Bangladesh, as well as the importance of international support and cooperation in addressing these transnational issues. By offering a comprehensive understanding of the security and developmental dilemmas faced by border communities, the study contributes to the broader discourse on border management and regional stability.

Keywords: India-Bangladesh border, illegal immigration, cross-border smuggling, human trafficking, security, development.

Interstate Migration and Food Security in Kerala, India: Unravelling Interdependencies, Challenges, and Policy Imperatives

Navas Khadar — 2025-10-01

Interstate migration has become a significant demographic and socioeconomic phenomenon in India, with 37% of the national working population comprising interstate migrants. Kerala, in particular, receives approximately 0.23 million migrants annually and currently hosts around 3.4 million interstate migrants. While migration has contributed positively to the state's labour force and agricultural productivity, it also presents critical challenges to food security, particularly among migrant communities. This study investigates the complex relationship between interstate migration and food security in Kerala. Moving beyond traditional push-pull frameworks, it incorporates emerging factors such as climate change, conflict, and chronic poverty. The research utilizes a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data on migration, remittances, and food security indicators with qualitative insights from interviews conducted under the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) project on migrant healthcare access. Findings reveal a paradox: although migrant labour significantly contributes to Kerala's food economy, migrants remain excluded from food security frameworks despite national initiatives like the 'One Nation, One Ration Card' scheme. The study underscores the pressing need for inclusive food security policies that explicitly address the vulnerabilities of interstate migrant workers. This research advocates for integrated policy reforms that acknowledge the critical role of migrants in the state's socioeconomic fabric and ensure equitable food security for all residents, regardless of migratory status.